Deep Brain Simulation technique in India

Deep Brain Simulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure designed to treat various neurological and psychiatric conditions by delivering electrical impulses to specific areas of the brain. This therapy is particularly effective for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, as well as certain neuropsychiatric disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and epilepsy.

Deep Brain Simulation technique involves by implanting electrodes in targeted brain regions, which generate electrical impulses that modulate abnormal brain activity. The electrodes are connected to a pulse generator, similar to a pacemaker, implanted under the skin in the chest. This device controls the stimulation parameters, including amplitude and frequency, allowing for tailored treatment based on individual patient needs.

Types of Deep Brain Simulation techniques :

• Stereotactic DBS - Utilizes a rigid frame to stabilize the patient's head during surgery.
• Image-Guided DBS - Employs real-time imaging techniques (like MRI) to guide electrode placement more precisel.

Indication for use:

• Movement Disorders - Primarily used for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia.
• Neuropsychiatric Disorders - Effective in treating OCD and has shown promise in epilepsy management.
• Investigational Uses - Current research is exploring its potential in treating chronic pain, depression, addiction, and Alzheimer's disease.

Surgical procedure:

• Preoperative Assessment - Patients undergo thorough evaluations, including imaging studies (MRI or CT scans) to identify optimal electrode placement sites.
• Electrode Implantation - The procedure involves creating small openings in the skull to insert electrodes into specific brain areas. This can be done while the patient is awake or under general anesthesia, depending on the surgical technique employed.
• Pulse Generator Placement - After the electrodes are secured, a pulse generator is implanted under the skin in the chest area. This device is programmed postoperatively to find the most effective stimulation settings.